Toyota Organizational Development Leadership Issues

As I watched the hearings and read the Press Telegram, April 12, 2010 † AP probe reveals n Toyota cases, evasion became tactic† regarding the sudden acceleration issue with several models of Toyota vehicles I would have to say it is scary to say the least. Testimony Included stories from victims of the problem – In one case, an entire family was killed. With such disastrous consequences and huge liabilities and ruining of a once great brand know for quality, it provides a platform to look at how companies, and leaders, address ethics, leadership issues and crisis. When faced with crisis, leaders need to make important decisions quickly.That involves surveying their direct teams, and in many cases several levels below to get answers. It's not apparent If CEO Toyota did this given the criticism they received for their slow reaction time to consumer complaints. Once a leader is engaged in addressing a critical issue, what should they do to make sure they respond adequ ately? Here are a few ways leaders can cope with rapidly changing circumstances: 1 . Focus on a few key elements and build a plan. Often emotional tensions are so high that seepage of minor issues explodes upward as the most important issues.A leader has to determine critical touch points that – addressed properly – cascade down to fix other issues. It's not the lowest hanging fruit argument, but a strategic view of the top 3-5 issues that need immediate attention. For a business this is usually shareholder and customer communication of what's happening, operational analysis of essential work processes, and key legal considerations/regulatory interests. Toyota executives were late to the game in some of these areas. This could have reduced the level of exposure and amount of crisis to handle (e. Notifying people of other models that had the problem, etc). 2. Communicate constantly. Crisis management requires immediate updates as new information is available. To facilit ate this exchange, networks need to be created that can share pertinent details to different parts of the organization and to external interests. Sometimes creating internal e-information or discussion boards helps with this process and ensures that appropriate business units are talking to each other. In the hearings, CEO Toyota said he was not aware of key meetings addressing the implants 3 Roll tongue seacoast KS. Ten ten TLS Ideas aren't ten best – they are solutions meant to get certain actions in place. They require modification on-the-fly as the situation unfolds. These initial actions may prove to be failures or they do not capture the full scope of the problem resulting in negative backlash. Toyota thought the problem was solved with adjusting floor mats, then sticky brake pads, and now the problem appears to be in the software. While consumers were not pleased with these initial measures, Toyota has continued to signage the problem and issue offer different solution s.Leaders often make the mistake that after pouring so much effort into initial solutions, they have to adhere to them no matter what. Toyota did this with the floor mat issue for a long time – blaming driver error if this solution was not the fix. A confident leader will accept imperfection in initial approaches and make sure the team is ready to change quickly and respond with new approaches. The leader has to stay calm and focused when this happens to avoid worsening the crisis. 4. Recognize what is working. The bright spot at the end of the tunnel can be elusive in the early going of crisis management.Everyone is in a quagmire with moving forward so it becomes difficult to notice how solutions are taking root and reducing issues. Leaders who have created the right communication channels will be able to flag good results and use those results to strengthen ongoing efforts. This facilitates morale and shows progress against the crisis mitigation plan. Toyota made the right move to halt new car production in January which saved more potential accelerator problems from going to market. . Maintain a good pace. Leaders need to be mindful of the pressures coming from all directions to solve problems quickly and â€Å"perfectly. If a strong plan is in place, backed up by the right communication channels, and a focused team, resolution activities will eventually balance out. This has nothing to do with perception or reputation damage control – that can take much longer as Toyota is sure to experience. Pacing decisions around good solutions and re-working as needed provides a sense of ethics and crisis management. Reacting to everything all the time is chaotic and soonest endear a leader as professional and deserving of the higher position.Leadership must maintain honesty to their team and key stakeholders at all times. They must be ready to calm nerves for weeks or months depending on the issue and never waver from a methodological and reasoned respo nse to crisis situations. Only time will tell if Toyota is pacing their crisis management properly and what that will mean in order for them to regain global consumer confidence. In my opinion, perhaps the leadership of Toyota can implement organizational change by utilizing en of the DO theories, specifically Linen's basic change model of unfreezing, changing, and refreezing.This model could be used as a theoretical foundation upon which change theory with their organization could be built soundly. The key, of course, would be to see that human change, whether at the executive, individual or group level would be a profound emotional dynamic process that involved painful unlearning without loss of ego identity and difficult relearning as the company cognitively attempts to restructure its thoughts, perceptions, feelings, and attitudes.

American expansion in the 19th century Essay

In the years between 1830 and 1860, the United States grew economically, socially, and most noticeably, geographically. In this time period, Texas, Oregon, California, New Mexico, and Arizona were gained, completing the continental United States. Many Americans in the 19th century believed this acquisition of territory was a manifest destiny, or event accepted as inevitable. They thought it was the destiny of the U.S. to control all land from the east coast to the west coast. However, I believe that this land was taken as an act of aggressive imperialism on the part of the United States. Imperialism is the practice of extending the power and dominion of a nation by direct territorial acquisitions of other areas, and clearly America took much of this land by force rather than negotiation with other nations. The motives of the United States was not that of expansion, but in hopes of gaining new resources, land for agriculture, and natural resources. Also, the gain of this territory was far from inevitable. During the 19th century, the United States engaged in conflicts with both Great Britain and Mexico with victories yielding land. Although the boundary between Maine and Canada was determined by the Webster-Ashburn Treaty, the â€Å"battle of the maps† between Americans and British spurred negotiations. The southern border of Texas was set at the Rio Grande River following a three year war with Mexico, also resulting in the acquisition of the Mexican cession (California and New Mexico). The terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo called for the United States to pay Mexico $15 million for this land, but this payment was more of a compensation for the war rather than purchase of land. The United States used force to gain much of the western territory, just as imperialist nations did overseas. I see no difference between the United States taking land from Mexico and France taking control of Northern Africa; both cases are imperialism at work. The east coast of the United States was well settled and developed by the mid 1800s, but was by no means overcrowded. Earlier in the history of America, the government forced Native Americans off their lands to show its power and authority over lesser people. The theory of manifest destiny seems to be just another show of power. The American people were not desperate for this land, it was more of a novelty. By gaining this land, new natural resources  could be gained, as proven by the gold rush in California in 1848. The people inhabiting these regions were often not American, but British or Mexican in the case or the Oregon Territory or California, respectively. The completion of the continental United States was not motivated by the need to expand, but for a desire of power. The term manifest destiny refers to an inevitable event, but the expansion of America was actually avoidable. At one time, politicians such as President James K. Polk were set on a division between the Oregon Territory and Canada at the line 54’40†. In fact, the term â€Å"54’40† or fight† was a popular campaign slogan for the election of 1844. When all was said and done, the boundary between the United States and Canada was drawn and the 49th parallel, much shorter than initially desired. Cuba was considered for purchase from Spain in the 1850s, but eventually this was defeated by antislavery members of congress, as the warm climate and plantations already in existence there would benefit the south alone. Mexican land was also threatened following the war, as Americans captured Mexico City, and many Democrats hoped to gain all land under Mexico’s jurisdiction. In each of these cases, the opportunity existed to further expand the United States, but more aggressive measures were not taken. America did not have to have any of this additional land. I feel that the idea of manifest destiny is simply a way to rationalize the United States practice of imperialism in North America. None of the land gained in the 19th century was given to the U.S., it was taken using force and often violence. Financial compensation is irrelevant considering wars took place to complete the southwest. The government was motivated by the power that could be attained by expanding the size of the nation, motivating many of the decisions regarding territory in this time period. Also, if the belief in manifest destiny were held true, the United States would currently encompass much of Canada, Cuba, and Latin America., which is obviously not the case. The actions of our nation in the 19th century were not that of manifest destiny, but in fact aggressive imperialism.

Nash jewellers Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nash jewellers - Assignment Example terest in reading brochures and waiting for others to tell them about trending jewelry stores instead they watch real shows on television for information. It has also become essential to use the internet as a communication tool, in order to target our audience and show the way we dominate in jewelry industry. Even though advertising Nash jewelry on radio and television may compromise the image of the store, I believe that this form of exposure will benefit the firm greatly (Nash 1). It is essential for Nash jewelers to focus its advertising on sites from the internet that appeal to the young individuals. Although I believe that Nash’s North store will assist the company to grow, I also believe in using the web and the internet as it will benefit the company’s store. Since the young customers are very interested in technology, we could photograph physical pieces of jewelry using a digital camera then posting them on the internet for customers to see. In addition, since we will present this ‘virtual’ inventory via the internet, we would develop computer programs that will enable the clients to search for the prices of items that meet their standard sat specific points. Shifting our efforts to popular internet sites such as Google will be effective in the promotion of our products. Young adults are now spending more time online communicating, therefore as the trend changes to digital so should our marketing plans (Nash 1). By keeping in mind the company’s goal to educate the public, I have come up with a series of advertisements ‘Gemtalk with John Nash’ that will air on the local television. Since it is illegal for television infomercials to advertize organization, services or products directly, the airing and production fee is inexpensive, and this will allow us to acquire great cost savings. I have written the scripts and paid 450 dollars per script for the filming of three advertisements. ‘Gemtalk’ will air for six months at a cost of 12 dollars

Middle east Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Middle east - Research Paper Example First of all, the crude form of IS (say, the Islamic State) was established in the year 1999, known as Jama’at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad. This group was formed in Jordan, under the leadership of Abu Musab al-Zarqawi. Axel Hunsicker stated that, â€Å"Zarqavi and his group helped finance, recruit, transport, and train Sunni Islamic extremists for the Iraqi resistance† (420). Besides, this organization played an important role in creating internal problems in the Middle Eastern context during the time of insurgency in Iraq. One can see that the presence of foreign fighters in this group proves its effectiveness, beyond its decentralized leadership. In the year 2004, this group decided to extend its influence by affiliating itself to international terrorist groups like Al-Qaeda. For instance, the group’s name underwent transformation as Taná ºâ€œim QaÊ »idat al-Jihad fi Bilad al-Rafidayn. One can see that the insurgency in Iraq was not over during 2000s. So, the primary aim of this group was to take an active role in the internal politics of Iraq by taking arms against the coalition forces. Again in the year 2006, this group changed its name into Islamic State of Iraq (ISI). To be specific, this transformation is important because the Mujahedeen leadership decided to co-ordinate different insurgent groups under a single leadership. Besides, the core leadership was in decentralized form to overcome unexpected deaths of important leaders.

Association of christmas values with that of western and christian Essay

Association of christmas values with that of western and christian people - Essay Example The essay that is structured is based on a case study with regards to the eve of Christmas and values associated with it.he prospect of advanced marketing in spreading of Christmas value outside western culture will be depicted in this essay. Over the years, celebration of Christmas Eve has evolved from one culture to the other. However, tradition has remained one common aspect in the Christmas celebration in every culture. The values of Christmas in western culture and among the Christians are enormous and are spreading all over the world. The essence of value spreading is primarily the beliefs but another essence is also present that has helped in this process. Shopping, over the years, has become an integral part of Christmas celebration. Along with people’s shopping, outlook of marketing for producers during the eve has also grown over the years. The essay will also deal with entrepreneurial endeavour of an entrepreneur who wants to create a Christmas market in Chinese tra dition where people are not much familiar with this trend (All about Popular Issues, 2011). Association of Christmas Values with that of Western and Christian People Christmas is taken to be at the peak of consumerism in the culture of western countries. The celebration of this occasion has evolved throughout the years and has become an occasion that encourages people to provide gifts to their loved and dear ones. The initiators in this occasion are specially children who requests gifts and their parents provide them gifts in the guise of Santa Claus. Involvement of family members is the most important feature in the Christmas occasion. In marketing sense, parents, by involving themselves in providing gifts actually involves themselves in giving brands. People hunts for gifts for their family members and their friends much earlier than the festive actually begins. In the present era, people eagerly look for innovative gift ideas that can best create happiness among their loved ones. Apart from general gifts such as chocolates, clothes, candles, showpieces and books, people also buy music pieces, electronic gadgets, custom jewellery and several other such things to gift their near ones. However, in the western culture, whether the Christmas gift is materially precious or not does not matter (Shuvalina, 2010). The feelings of the person providing the gift are perceived much more valuable than its price. Christmas has evolved as an occasion where sharing of feelings among family members takes place through the sharing of gifts. In the western culture, Christmas is said to be conventionally associated with the western culture and Christians but is also enjoyed by the non-Christians as well. Religious values and special prayers lighten up individual’s minds that reinforce their relationship with God. Apart from instigating spiritual beliefs, Christmas also perpetuates a bond among individuals and thus brings them closer. In the western culture especially, Ch ristmas is perceived as an ideal occasion that extends involvement of family relations and enlarges intangible aspects of theory of gift giving (Clarke, 2006). Shopping is a Key Part of Christmas Shopping has evolved as an essential part of Christmas as people nowadays, are more inclined towards buying gifts for their beloved ones. Instincts of the people to shop more have made the occasion a â€Å"grand celebration of consumption†. With the arrival of Christmas, season brings holiday mood for consumers and creates an increase in the pattern of consumption among the people. People exchanges gifts and enjoy through partying, thus increasing the consumption level.

Understanding Sense of Belongingness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Understanding Sense of Belongingness - Essay Example Using this article, I will be discussing the author’s structure of the source and his project as well as the contents of the article regarding belongingness. Firstly, the author tries to make a relationship with his readers through his writing approach. Strayhorn sounds professional which he maintains throughout the article but he also made his tone very personal so as to communicate well with his readers. This is reflected not only with the choice of the words used but also in the manner the statements are crafted. For instance, the writer refers to studies of various researchers such as Baumeister and Leary. This shows how objective the writer is regarding his topic. However, there are also times when the author refers to his own research that he uses the personal pronoun â€Å"I† as he tries to relate with his audience but he still maintains a serious tone. To make his discussion more interesting, Strayhorn presents his argument in an organized manner, letting the readers well-guided as they continue with their reading. Strayhorn’s project aims at using the present literature to explain â€Å"sense of belonging†. This means that the author uses earlier published studies as references in attempting to explain what the topic really means. From this foundation, the writer wants to show the importance of the topic, approaching it with the use of examples and referencing other studies. Lastly, he intends to go over the implication of the study, especially in education. Therefore, this study is focused more on the students and how they are able to relate to their environment. As promised, the author first defines the term â€Å"sense of belongingness†. For example, he quotes Anant’s definition saying, â€Å"Sense of belonging characterizes a person’s perceived belief of indispensability within a system†.

Marine Dolphins Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Marine Dolphins - Research Paper Example Other dolphins have a varied diet that may include lobsters, crabs, squid, shrimps and fish. The dolphins bear live young ones and feed the young ones with milk. Many marine dolphins are facing extinction due to human activities, but some laws have been formulated to protect their existence (Nakamura 64). Types of Marine Dolphins The major types of marine dolphins are pacific bottlenose, rough-toothed, spotted dolphin and spinner dolphin. The bottlenose dolphins are the most famous of all cetacean species. The scientific name for bottlenose dolphin is Tursiops truncatus. Rough-toothed dolphin has vertical grooves that run from the gum line to the tip. The scientific name for rough-toothed dolphin is Steno bredanensis. Spotted dolphins are of smaller size than rough-toothed or bottlenose dolphins. They have a dark cape that extends from their forehead to the dorsal fin. The scientific name for spotted dolphin is Stenella attenuata. Spinner dolphins are smaller than the spotted dolphin s. The spinner dolphins got their name from their spinning behavior. Their scientific name is Stenella longirostris (Shirihai 77). Adaptations of Marine Dolphins Like other marine animals, dolphins have become adapted to the sea life. Anatomically, the bodies of the dolphins are streamlined to enable them to move more efficiently in the aquatic environment. The streamlined body ensures fast movement of the dolphins as it reduces the resistance of water when the dolphin is moving. The hind limbs of the dolphins have disappeared, and front limbs are developed into flippers (Gordon 26). This helps the dolphin in steering balance and changing direction. The dolphins have a powerful tail, which helps in propulsion. The speed under which the dolphins move at is closely related to the feeding habit of the dolphin. Research has shown that those dolphins that feed on slow moving prey do not exceed a speed of 10 mph. Other dolphins that feed on fast moving fish species usually attain a speed of up to 15 mph. In addition, dolphins have a smooth skin. The dolphin’s skin is thick, hairless and lacks glands. It is kept smooth by the constant slough and replacements. For example, the bottlenose dolphin replaces its outermost skin layer after every two hours. This smooth skin of the dolphin increases the speed at which the dolphin moves. Like other marine mammals, the dolphins have a thick layer of blubber below their skin. This layer of blubber is important since it insulates the dolphins against heat loss. The dolphins rely on their sense of hearing to detect any danger around them. The sense of hearing in dolphin is a very complicated behavior referred to as echolocation. Echolocation is where, a dolphin emits a series of split clicks by its blowhole focusing the sound to the melon and the melon directs the sound pulses in a directional beam. When the directed sound waves hit an object on its path, it is reflected back to the dolphin, and the dolphin detects an obst ruction ahead on its way. Through echolocation, a dolphin is capable of detecting the distance, size, shape and direction of movement of objects in water (Smolker 54). Factors Affecting Marine Dolphin Population Tuna and Dolphin Issue Dolphins and Tuna often swim together. The tuna tries to take advantage of food finding tactics of

Fashion Design And Architecture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Fashion Design And Architecture - Essay Example The type of construction that is done depending on the preference and culture of the people at that particular time. It is for this reason that architecture is known to protect the culture of a given people over time and in most times act as cultural symbols. Due to this, we are able to learn the civilization of past people and how they lived during their times. The practice of erecting buildings can be seen as an art and in many cases, architecture is used to refer to buildings especially those constructed over a given period of time. There are various levels at which architecture can be done from the small-scale level that involves the construction of small-scale buildings such as kennels to the large-scale constructions of skyscrapers and water dams that can be seen in various parts of the world such as China and the western parts of the world. Design, on the other hand, can be described as the process of creating something with a given plan that is important to the making of a ne w system that can be used for various purposes. In software constructions, designing can be said to be the process of coming u with a blueprint of a software just before it is constructed. In architecture, the too design is one of the most important processes. The design is done with an intention of creating something new in the environment and creates unique things that have characteristics that have never been seen before. Design can also be described as the long process that is used to achieve particular set goals.  ... The practice of erecting buildings can be seen as an art and in many cases architecture is used to refer to buildings especially those constructed over a given period of time. There are various levels at which architecture can be done from the small scale level that involves the construction of small scale buildings such as kennels to the large scale constructions of skyscrapers and water dams that can be seen in various parts of the world such as china and the western parts of the world. Design on the other hand can be described as the process of creating something with a given plan that is important to the making of a new system that can be used for various purposes. In software constructions, designing can be said to be the process of coming u with a blueprint of a software just before it is constructed. In architecture too design is one of the most important processes. Design is done with an intention of creating something new in the environment and creates unique things that hav e characteristics that have never been seen before. Design can also be described as the long process that is used to achieve particular set goals. These set goals in most cases involve unique accomplishments. Fashion design is an art of applying natural beauty and design to come up with clothing and accessories that are acceptable to different people considering their gender, age, and the trend of time in which they are. Fashion design can be influenced by a lot of different factors top of which is climate. It is because of this that fashion designers work to accomplish their goals in different ways. The design is a continuous changing process as they have to work hard to match the consumer demand which keeps changing most of the time. For any designer to be successful, they

Roots of western culture (Democracy and Imperialism) Essay - 2

Roots of western culture (Democracy and Imperialism) - Essay Example Therefore, equality and respect for the law is an important aspect in any nation as they ensure smooth running of government processes. Citizens are presented with freedom to in exercising their rights in a democratic nation. As Pericles mentions, individuals have equal rights and freedoms despite their cultural background, birth or any other discriminatory factor. Athens is an example of a nation where citizens’ rights and freedom are put into consideration as compared to Sparta where there is no adherence to equality for the law (Thucydides and Pericles 41). According to Pericles, the city of Athens enjoys a democratic and free state of government through equal representation of citizens in the government. Happiness has been attributed with individuals being free, and freedom is influenced by courage. The city of Athens represents a nation that is organized and effectively manages its internal affairs in a transparent and democratic way (Thucydides and Pericles 42). According to the writing, Athens has a well-organized force that protects its people from external

Parental spying Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Parental spying - Essay Example And because of the usage of the term â€Å"parental spying†, parental supervision was suddenly perceived as unethical where it may be deemed improper for parents to check on the activities of their children. This is aggravated by the fact that there are quarters in society who argue that children should be left on their own and that their private spaces should be respected without the presence of parents. As a result, children who are recipient of this idea complain that their parents are intruding too much that they no longer have their private space. Parents in turn became oblivious on how to deal with this new idea if it is really unethical to check on their children as what society perceives it to be. Looking at it however under the strict scrutiny and standard of morals (what is right and wrong), parental spying is not in fact unethical and has ethical and philosophical basis that it is carried out in the interest of the greater good and that it does not violate the moral rights of other. Anyone who is well verse on the basis of ethics will agree with the use of these standards in determining that it is indeed ethical to check on one’s children. The ethical and philosophical basis of parental spying can be derived from the philosophy of utilitarian ethics as espoused by the prominent 19th century philosopher John Stuart Mill. The notion of having children closely monitored or spied upon on the basis that it is in the interest of greater good and does not violate the moral rights of others has in fact ethical and philosophical grounds. We can glean on John Stuart Mill’s utilitarian ethics which is the â€Å"creed which accepts the foundation of morals, utility or the greatest happiness principles holds that actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness† (Oregon State University) which in this case the interest of greater good. It may even surprise people that Mill is also an advocate of personal liberty and limited government authority but will readily compromise personal liberty especially of children for the greater good of society. If one asks how parental spying serves the greater good, we can put forth the ideal that raising children to become good and responsible adults is in the interest of the greater good. Children are our future and it is only fitting that we should do everything at our own disposal to guide them so that they will not go astray. If children go astray or did not realize their potential or did not even become better, we can only imagine how our future society would become. If we let them astray and become criminals or despondent, then our society will be reduced to or slide back towards barbarism and crudity in the future. It is therefore in our best interest to prepare our children well for the future and the best way to do that is to exercise parental spying to make sure they are properly guided. Consider the opposite of parental spying which is the absentee parent where the child is left entirely on his or her own. They leave children at their tender age where their faculty to decide what right and wrong to decide for themselves or left them alone. As a result, children go astray because they became vulnerable to undesirable influences at an early age because they cannot discern what is good and bad for them which parents should have done for them. Thus, parental spying

Organizational Behavior Essay Example for Free

Organizational Behavior Essay 1) Think about your own work experiences and/or current job. Can you distinguish between your job values, attitudes and moods? Identify two of each, and state why you classify them as you do. I think that the job values that I have towards my career are the same in any position that I may hold. I think that with hard work and dedication, 2) Evaluate your level of satisfaction/dissatisfaction with your current (or former) job (or role in a group or team) in terms of the various job facets discussed in this Lesson. How do you think your job-related behavior has been affected by your satisfaction/dissatisfaction with each of these facets (to the extent you can dissect the effects of each)? To what extent has your level of satisfaction changed over time? Why, or why not? Might this be related to how your needs have changed? In my opinion, the level of satisfaction/dissatisfaction that one may have in their plays a heavy role and influence on job longevity. Personally speaking, human relations supervision, creativity, coworkers, and ability utilization are some of the most important factors that may affect me and my outlook on my role and position in an organization. For example, I have been in job where I felt as though I was more qualified than my manager, and often found myself doing her job, and trying to cover up for her mistakes. I have also experienced severe job dissatisfaction with my role in the company, but stayed longer than intended because I genuinely liked my coworkers and had developed true friendships with them. Right now in my life, I would say that abillity utilization and creativity are two important factors that I consider when choosing a role. The relationships that I have with my co workers also play a major part, as for me spending 8-10 hour days in a small space with people you dont necessarily like can be pure torture. 3) Think about the Job Facet Model, Hertzbergs Motivator-Hygiene theory, and the Discrepancy Model as approaches to understanding how job satisfaction works. Which approach makes the most sense to you, and why? Relate your answer to your own work experience. 4) What do the leaders in your organization, group or team currently do to keep the level of member satisfaction high and/or improve the satisfaction of members? What effects, if any, do you see these actions as having on performance, absenteeism, lateness, turnover and organizational citizenship behavior? If their actions do little to keep satisfaction high, how would you evaluate the effects of low satisfaction on these five potential outcomes?

Family on Government and vice versa Essay Example for Free

Family on Government and vice versa Essay As far as the government’s functions go, it is the unit of the family that is able to gain the most benefits. I view the family as the most basic and the most unprotected aspect of society. It is the government’s ability to provide regulations, guidelines, and protection that the family is able to continue its development. It might be raised at this point that the individual should be considered the most unprotected unit of society. However, I persist in believing that it is the family. The individual can still become a member of larger societal units. In fact, the individual can even go so far as to become a member of government. It is because of this fact that the collection of individuals called the family is the most in need of the services offered by the government that presides over it. However, there are forms of government wherein it is the family that comprises it. In oligarchies and monarchies, for example, the royal family comprises the governmental unit. It is in these cases that the interaction is reduced to one of family with family, of ruling class family with non-ruling class family, of bourgeois family with lower class family. This can also be likened to the type of interaction described to exist between the family and the society to which it belongs. In other ways, the family is also able to affect the government. Because the family forms the entirety of society and because it is able to mirror the mechanisms of society, it is also able to mirror and spread the mechanisms of government. The family is in charge of the education of the younger generation with regards to the powers of the government, the need to follow the impositions of the government, and also the specific laws and regulations set forth by the constitution. The task of propagating the ethics and morals of a good citizen that obeys the government lie on the shoulders of the members of the family. The concepts of restriction of behavior, meting punishments for unacceptable actions, and of obeying authority figures are also first understood by the child in the confines of the family. (Hegel, 2001) Society on Government and vice versa The government is said to be the regulating institution of society. It represents the majority of the population and provides frameworks as well as maintains peace and order. However, as I have stipulated, I believe that the inherent state in nature is peace and not war. Why then would a government be needed to maintain peace and order between its constituents and even with other governments? The state of war is not inherent in nature. However, it is also very much present in observable society. Why is this so? I believe that war stems from the inability of society to meet the needs of its members. This is in accordance with the propositions of Habermas (1998). Because of the society’s inability to completely meet the needs of its members, there is unrest and turmoil. War and violent conflict arise from these feelings of dissatisfaction. It is only through a strong power of the will that dissatisfaction is allowed to exist in an individual’s consciousness. I believe that the ineffective structuring of society creates feelings of unrest and dissatisfaction. When those with more are given more and those with less are asked for more, society is placed at an imbalance. This imbalance is unnatural. It is not the natural order of things. There is disequilibrium in society and as a result, there are individuals who are abused and unsatisfied. Again, this is also in accordance with the views of Marx and Engel (1978) regarding ruling class and non-ruling class. There is no chance for equilibrium or stability to be attained because as Marx and Engel (1978) stated, the ruling class practices hegemony. They use their ideologies to maintain power over the lower class. It is only with active revolt from the lower class that the structure of society can be changed. Thus war becomes an option to those whose dissatisfaction has become so great that they can no longer live with it. Without the government, these feelings of dissatisfaction would reign across the world. There would, indeed, be numerous states of war across the globe. Peace would be hard to find and individuals would find it impossible to achieve their true personal goals in life. A government is needed in order to regulate the interaction of the ruling class and the non-ruling class. Without the government, society would be in a constant flux of change and revolt. It is the institution of the government that allows society to remain its peace and as such to progress. However, it may well be the case that the government is simply a tool of the ruling class to maintain power, a means to their option of hegemony. This is exactly why even though there are governments in place today, wars still occur. There is still a disequilibrium in the social structure. Also, the government is not representative of the majority. This is a fact stressed by Kant (1983) to be of the utmost importance in considering government models and systems utilized in a given state. There is, therefore, a type of government that will best serve the purposes of society and the individual. Although there are numerous forms of government, not all are adaptive to society and its members. The mode of government is a point of greater consideration than the type of sovereignty afforded. (Kant, 1983) Society, however, plays a greater role in government. It is more than just a place wherein the functions of government can be practiced. In fact, it is my belief that society and government act in much the same way that the President and the House of Congress act in a Republic government. That is that society and government act as checks and balances of each other. Although it is true that there is no clear definition of legal power that society has on a particular government – in the way that government has on society – it is also true that the dominant form of politics in a state are defined by society. Because most governments rely on society’s good will towards it, society is able to check and balance the processes of the government. In modes of government involving votation, society dictates the candidates to be deemed more capable and reliable to place in position. This is done through the ideologies espoused by society. Thus two different political parties can be chosen from but the thrust of the resulting government will be based on the value systems established by society on its members. For modes of government, on the other, hand that do not include an electoral system, society is able to operate as a larger checks and balances system. Because monarchies and oligarchies and other similar forms of government give the ruler the right to decree laws and statutes by himself, society plays a crucial role. Social agreement or social rejection may be the only difference between a ruler’s decree of implementing the death penalty, for example, as a punishment to a severe crime. Thus we see that society plays a large role in defining government actions even in these individualistic or familial forms of governance. On this point, however, the revision and reconsideration of laws in systems with electoral systems and with more formal methods of passing laws is also highly dependent on society’s moral and ethical stand. The three-strike law for example, wherein criminals convicted of a crime three times receive a heavier sentence or a longer imprisonment period, was not revised because the constituents of the State of California did not agree to the provision that only severe crimes would be subject to this law.

The purpose of Punishment within the criminal justice system

The purpose of Punishment within the criminal justice system What role does punishment serve within the criminal justice system? Consider the part played by reductivism, incapacitation, retribution, deterrence and rehabilitation as by-products of the perceived need for the criminal justice system to punish offenders. How have political policies and other ideologies affected the state emphasis on the need to punish offenders? In the following paragraphs it is going to be explained the role of punishment within the criminal justice system. Furthermore, we are going to get involved with theories and objectives related to punishment such as: reductivism, deterrence, rehabilitation, incapacitation and finally retribution. Beginning our case study we have to argue that there is considerable controversy over the effectiveness of punishment in reducing crime, but whether or not its actual effectiveness, still is the only method being used conforming someone who made a misdeed, back to society and freedom. Punishment can be simply defined as a legally approved method designed to facilitate the task of crime control (Carrabine, 2004), and its main purpose is to rehabilitate the offender, expiate the victim and dissuade others from becoming wrongdoers. In order to successfully create a holistic view on the matter, we have to focus on many punishment perspectives and theories as it is the only way for a critical evaluation. punishment as a social institution is an inherently complex business that needs to be approached from a range of theoretical perspectives as no single interpretation will grasp the diverse meanings generated by punishment (Carrabine, 2004). The reductive theory of punishment justifies that punishment occurs because it helps to prevent and reduce future consequences of crime, acting as a forward-looking theory for the general good. Moreover, claims that if punishment takes place, future crime will be less than if no penalty were inflicted. For punishment to reduce future crimes, the pain and unhappiness caused to the offender must be outweighed by the avoidance of unpleasantness to other people in the future (Cavadino, 2002). Therefore, it is a moral action against criminals (famously advanced by Jeremy Bentham 1748-1832) since it produces the greatest happiness of the greatest number of people. Nevertheless, there are many mechanisms of reduction which will be shown below. Deterrence based on utilitarian theories, is a method of reduction and its main perspective is that if you cause someones fear, then he will be afraid to offend and break the law (tough on crime). Moreover, separates deterrence into general and individual justifying that general is when punishment dissuades others from following the offenders example, in spite of individual deterrence which aims to teach delinquent not to repeat the behaviour. Deterrence lacks to produce strong and validate evident of its effectiveness as no certain penalty prevented someone from committing a given crime. What is more, referring to the individual deterrence, my opinion is that we cannot say whether or not an offender stopped his criminal behaviour, simply because not all crimes are being convicted. Also, according to official crime statistics, I believe, there is not such effectiveness as Michael Howards supported about prison/punishment and toughness on crime. Prison works. It ensures that we are protected from murderers, muggers and rapists- and it makes many who are tempted to commit crime think twice (Michael Howard, Home Secretary 1993). Rehabilitation is another mechanism of crime reduction which is going to be produced and evaluated on the following paragraphs. According to rehabilitation the idea of punishment is to apply treatment to the offender so that he is made capable afterwards to return back to the society as a law-abiding member. Rehabilitation is viewed as a humane alternative comparing to the harshness of retribution and deterrence giving more a programme function to the punishment, without that meaning that an offender would receive a more lenient penalty for his offence. An important feature of rehabilitation is that the offender could stay on probation whether that means outside prison or inside until he is thought to be ready. Critics though assume that if the prison administrator is the responsible one who decides if offender made a progress and he is ready to go, then corruption may occur which will falsify the true situation. Finally, another issue is that an offender guilty for minor crime proba bly could not tolerate lengthy detentions simple because of inability or refusal to adopt a subservient attitude toward prison officers and authority in general. Continuing our study we will refer to retributive theory which is in total antithesis of reductivism and justifies that punishment came as result of criminality. An attractive feature is that retributivism is a natural connection between the retributive approach and the idea that both offenders and victims have rights. Reductivist theory always founds it difficult to encompass the notion of rights, even when it comes to providing entirely innocent people with a right not to be punished. Retributivism has no such problem, since it follows automatically from the retributive principle that it must be wrong to punish non-offenders. Criminals, according to retributivist principle deserve the punishment because in some way, evil for evil somehow make a right. Additionally, according to retributivism, severity of a punishment should be proportionate to the gravity of the offence (tariff). What is more, retributive punishment, argues that applies fairly and equally to all of us as long as we all live in the same equilibrium followed by the same norms and values. The main issue with such a theory is that it would be objective only if we were all genuinely equal sharing the same advantages. Detected offenders typically start from a position of social disadvantage (Cavadino, 2002). From the moment retributive punishment tries to inflict equality restoring the balance, then increases inequality rather than do the opposite. The last theory refers to the act of making the offender not capable of committing a crime and is known as the incapacitation theory. According to that, offenders who have committed repeated crimes or thought to be dangerous are being punished by execution or lengthy incarceration (life imprisonment). Such a punishment though unfortunately makes it difficult to identify that kind of offenders. Thus, it is extremely controversial the principle of incapacitation especially to those who assist that punishment should advocate equal retribution followed by dignity. An important controversial example evaluating incapacitation is the chemical-castration of sex offenders (against children) with hormonal drugs which was first adopted in the U.S of California in 1996 and proved that drugs alone did not make the offender incapable of committing sex crimes. To conclude, I would like to say that I have not come to a conclusion yet on whether or not punishment actually helps and rehabilitates the delinquents. But I am sure that punishment so far is the function which separates those who live legally and those who do not. I also believe that the fear of punishment changes people behaviour a lot, as we all are afraid of punishment is that not true? Ultimately, I would like to finish with Sir Thomas Mores opinion which finds me totally agreed. Society first creates thieves, and then punishes them for stealing. There has always existed a curiously symbolic relationship between the criminal and society. It is not so much that society tolerates crime, rather the structure of modern society inevitably creates situations and circumstances in which crime occurs(Weisser, 1979).

The Character of Caliban in Shakespeare’s The Tempest Essays -- Tempes

The Character of Caliban in Shakespeare’s The Tempest Caliban is one of the most interesting of Shakespeare’s characters. For centuries, scholars have puzzled over the meaning and importance of this central character. Who or what is this creature? Is he a man or a beast (Peterson, p.2)? Most of the people who have debated this question take the question itself at face value. Caliban is either a man or a beast. The other characters in the play dismiss him as a "poisonous slave," "savage," and "hag-seed" (Act 1, Scene 2), but that does not mean that the reader must do so as well. Let us take a closer look at Caliban the individual and evaluate the question of his humanity. In the end, I think we will see that Caliban is just as human as the other characters in the play. The first charge against Caliban is his shape. Prospero beckons him come by shouting, "What ho! Slave, Caliban!/ Thou earth, thou, speak!...Come thou tortoise!" Prospero does not even deign to place him among humankind; instead he is called "earth" as if he is part of the very ground-- the dirt that Prospero rules. Later, Trinculo calls him "A strange fish" and Stephano refers to him as a "monster of the isle with four legs." (2,2) Indeed, Caliban is never spoken of without some dehumanizing adjective added to the address. I would, however like to challenge the notion of his ugliness. During Shakespeare's day, there was a very narrow, very specific concept of beauty. For example, a woman was usually considered most beautiful if she was very fair. This showed that she was not exposed to the sun through any type of common labor and thus signified her gentility. To most of Elizabethan England, this concept of beauty was the only concept of beaut... ...ight not all be good ones, are, nevertheless, very human ones. In fact, most of Shakespeare's characters exhibit attributes far worse than Caliban's, yet their humanity is ever called into question. Consider Iago of Othello. Iago exhibited a startling lack of redeeming qualities, yet he was never called a monster. The only reason that Caliban should be called a "monster" lies in the only way he differs from the other characters-- his appearance. It is a shame that, while a modern audiences may question the treatment of Caliban, they do not often question the reason behind it, and by failing to do so, they, along with Prospero become slaves to their own preconceptions. Dale Peterson and Jane Goodall encompassed the lesson that we must learn from Caliban. They said, "By enslaving Caliban, we enslave ourselves. Only when we free Caliban will we free ourselves."

Dietary Assessment Essay -- Nutrition, Diet, Disease

A dietary assessment method is a critical component in many aspects of nutritional epidemiology such as evaluating energy and nutrient intake in free-living individuals (Taren, et al., 2002). The purpose of dietary assessment data collection is to establish the causal associations between diet and disease aetiology (Jain, et al., 1996). However, it is very difficult to measure exactly how much food people eat or to determine the nutrient content of the diet (Wild, et al., 2001). Therefore, the valid and precise techniques are required to estimate accurate and detailed information on food and nutrient intake as well as eating patterns for identification of the dietary influence on health and disease (Bingham, et al.,1994). Nutrition assessments include clinical and dietary assessment, anthropometrics, as well as biochemical, laboratory immunologic and functional indices of nutritional status (Gibney, 2005). In epidemiological studies, different dietary investigation tools were designed to assess the nutritional status in individuals and populations, nutrition monitoring and surveillance and diet-disease research (Friedenreich, et al., 1992, Taren, 2002). Choosing an appropriate dietary assessment method depends on the purpose for which it is needed. The majority of retrospective dietary assessment methods such as 24-hour recall is of limited validity because of dependence on subject memory and motivation, reliability of the respondent not to under /misreport and ability to estimate portion sizes of the items consumed (Thompson & Byers, 1994). Although the technique is inexpensive, low respondent burden and relatively easy to assess current nutrient intake of a group, it is not appropriate to use data from a single day to repr... ...., 2006). Furthermore, nutritional analysis of recording or reporting food intake data presents a main source of inaccuracy when determining habitual nutrient intake and it does not contain comprehensive information on the interpretation of results from dietary surveys (Macdiarmid, & Blundell, 1997). Therefore, biochemical markers of nutrient intake are now a valuable tool in validating dietary assessment methods (Bingham, 2002). For example, the double labelled water technique and 24-hour urine nitrogen and potassium are routinely used and potentially independent of the errors associated with dietary survey methods (Bingham, 2002). The aims of the study is to determine the intake of total energy, protein , carbohydrate, fat, iron, calcium and fiber within a group of students using the duplicate diet analysis, 24 hour recall and the 7 day weighed intake.

Questions Frequently Asked Concerning the Purchase of a Website :: Sell Websites Buy Websites

Questions Frequently Asked Concerning the Purchase of a Website Reprinted with permission of VotanWeb.com What are the key motivators for people to buy a website? Before making a decision to purchase a website, a buyer should understand his or her objectives to make sure those objectives can be met by purchasing a particular website. Surveys of people purchasing websites reveal similar responses. Surprisingly, making money is not at the top of the list. Here is a list of the typical answers, in their order of importance: I want to control my own destiny. I would be happier if I worked for myself. My current work does not take advantage of my skills and abilities. I want to make a lot of money. Should I start my own website or buy an existing website? An existing website has a historical track record (good or bad) which can be used to evaluate the website. An existing website has usually shown there is demand for its products or services, and it should have, among other things, detailed financial records. Sometimes, a seller of a website will agree to help to train a new owner. These are important factors because many websites tend to fail during the early stage of their development. On the other hand, there can also be disadvantages to buying an existing website. A buyer will be assuming an established website culture and infrastructure which may make implementing changes more difficult. Also buyers will generally have to pay a premium for an existing website. What should I be looking for in a website? A buyer should only consider a website he or she will feel comfortable owning and operating. The time and effort which will be required is an important consideration as is how much the buyer can afford to pay for the website. The amount of cash the buyer needs to regularly take out of the website is very important, especially if the website is to be the buyer's only source of income. Because many experts believe you should not purchase a website unless you can make it better, it is helpful if a buyer has some definite ideas on how to improve the purchased website. Can I obtain financing to help me buy a website? The availability of outside financing will depend upon the asset base of the website, its operating history, collateral availability and projected cash flow - the same issues considered in all business lending.

Compare and Contrast the different attitudes to war you have studied

The three poems that I am going to compare and contrast are: â€Å"Who's for the Game? † by Jessie Pope, â€Å"Dulce et Decorum est,† by Wilfred Owen and â€Å"God! How I hate you! † by Arthur Graeme West. The three poets use their writing to express their opinions of the war. Jessie Pope is a persuasive journalist who wrote war poems to help recruitment and to sustain the war effort. â€Å"Who's for the Game? † tries to convince young men through propaganda that they should go to war. She portrays the war as a game, which will be fun for the men who join up and will make them heroes: whereas the men who do not join will be perceived as people who are spoiling the fun. She persuades the men to fight in ‘the game' by using manipulation, which would then make them feel guilty if they did not go to war. â€Å"Dulce et Decorum est† is a poem in response to Jessie Pope's attitude to war, which aims to prove to her that war is not a game and that watching a fellow soldier die is not enjoyable. Wilfred Owen describes how he saw a man being choked to death by poisonous gas and how the war changed the soldiers. He describes the soldier dying in horrific detail, and he paints a vivid picture of how it must have felt for him to see the man die. ‘Dulce et Decorum est' is a Roman motto, meaning: â€Å"It is sweet and fitting to die for your country† and he demonstrates through his poem that it is not sweet to die for your country. He also sarcastically refers to Jessie Pope as ‘my friend', which is telling her that she is not his friend because she is persuading easily-influenced young men to go to war and to die horrifically for their country. He describes the war as, ‘the old lie' and ‘obscene as cancer'. The harsh title of â€Å"God! How I Hate You,† tells us that Arthur Graeme West is also anti-war. Arthur Graeme West is not referring to how he hates God, but how he hates the young, cheerful men who write poetry about how wonderful it is to go to war and how young men should be thanking God because he has given them a motivation in life. Had they been to war themselves and seen a young man die, as he had, they would not write such things. He then also goes on to describe how he saw a man being shot, and he gives a vivid description of his brain exploding ‘like an eggshell'. The last two sentences of the poem are sarcastic, as he is saying how God is in His Heaven in the best possible of worlds, indicating that he disagrees with the poets that write that. The three poems describe how the soldiers during the war and whether they act positively or negatively. Jessie Pope is describing how the war would be to the soldiers who took part and how they would be perceived as brave heroes. The second stanza says, â€Å"Who'll give his country a hand? † which gives the impression that war is like doing a small job which will make you feel brave once you have done it. On the last line of the second stanza she says, â€Å"And who wants a seat in the stand,† which seems to sneer at the soldiers who do not take part in the war. In the third stanza on the last line she writes about the soldier who again did not take part in the war by saying, â€Å"Then lie low and be out of the fun? † which makes them seem as though they are spoiling it for everyone else and being selfish by lying low and not helping the others fight. In the third stanza, she writes about how the country is trying to fight, and that she needs the young, brave men to help her with the fight. She uses personification when she says that the country is a ‘she', which may makes the young men seem strong and protective of their country, as she is a ‘woman' and therefore will need the help from the men. â€Å"God! How I hate You,† does not describe the soldiers as being part of a game. Instead Arthur Graeme West describes the men as slowly dying humans and he also describes the dead soldiers lying in the trenches. He describes the men as being bored of the war, as they only sit around waiting to be attacked by the enemy. He says in the third stanza, â€Å"Proved that all muddy brown monotony,† which shows us the tedium of war. Arthur Graeme West describes in vivid detail how he saw a man being shot, and he describes how he saw the man slowly dying, which makes you sympathise with him and the other soldiers because who saw such horrific events. In â€Å"Dulce et Decorum Est,† Owen describes the men as tired, unenthusiastic and dirty, and he gives more detail than the two other poets. On the first line of the first stanza, he describes the men with similes as, ‘Bent double, like old beggars,' which shows us that the men look unwell and older then they are due to the effect the war has had on them. On the second line, he says that the men were, ‘Knock-kneed, coughing like hags, we cursed through sludge,' which shows us that they had developed an abnormality in the knees, causing them to walk differently, that they were finding it harder to breathe because they were coughing like old women, and that they were cursing as they walked through mud, which shows their lack of enthusiasm. On the forth line, it says, ‘to trudge' which also shows us that they were unenthusiastic and tired. The soldiers were tired because it said that the ‘men marched asleep' so they were subconsciously walking onwards, without thinking about where or why they were walking. This shows us that Arthur Graeme West and Wilfred Owen both agreed that the soldiers were unmotivated and that they were not playing happily as if they were in a game. However, Jessie Pope disagrees with them and she thinks that the men were happily playing along in the war, and that they were keen to participate in the war as if it were a game or sport. In, ‘Who's for the Game? there are no deaths that are described because Jessie Pope is trying to persuade people that it is right to go to war and that it is more of a game than a battlefield. She had never been to war and never seen someone die in battle. has she done so then perhaps she would have described a death to warn the men that they should not go to war. However, Dulce et Decorum Est describes a soldier dying in graphic detail. In the second stanza, Wilfred Owen says ‘floundering like a man in fire or lime†¦ ‘ when he is describing the soldier dying. He uses metaphors to describe the gruesome sight of the man dying. In the third stanza he says, ‘And watch the white eyes writhing in his face,' which shows us that his eyes of struggling to move and that he is suffering. Another metaphor that it says is ‘His hanging face, like a devil's sick of sin,' which is saying that, as the devil will never be sick of sin, that his face would have looked as though it was slowly being tortured to death. He then describes that there was ‘Blood gargling from his froth corrupted lungs' which is showing us how gruesome and horrific it would have been to watch. In, ‘God! How I hate you,' there is a description of a man's head being burst open. It uses similes to describe it. For example, in the third stanza it says, ‘Smashed like an eggshell and the warm grey brain, Spattered all bloody on the parados†¦ ‘ It is using horrific detail so that the person can imagine how horrific it must have been to see the man die and to know that they could end up dying like him. ‘God! How I hate you,' and,'Dulce et Decorum est,' are both including gruesome details on how the soldiers die and what it was like to be there, unlike Jessie Pope, who decides not mention the possibility of deaths, but instead speaks of how the men who ‘eagerly shoulder a gun' are heroes. The rhythm of, ‘Dulce et Decorum est' begins with a slow and heavy rhythm, because it helps the reader to imagine the soldiers trudging slowly across the ground, and you can imagine how they feel tired and unenthusiastic. Then the rhythm suddenly speeds up when the gas shells explode, to show how they quickly fumble around in desperation to find their gas masks, which helps the reader to imagine the panic and anxiety. In, ‘God! How I hate you,' has a loud, quite slow clapping rhythm, which seems to get louder as his anger increases. This helps the reader to see Arthur Graeme West's anger and how it helps them to feel what he is thinking. In, ‘Who's for the Game? ‘ the rhythm is approximately the same speed as, ‘God! How I hate you,' because they are both loud, although Jessie Pope was probably trying to make the rhythm sound enthusiastic rather then angry. This shows us that although the two poems are making different points, they both use the same rhythm for different purposes, unlike Dulce et Decorum Est, which has a slower beat which gradually gets faster. In conclusion, the poem which I least prefer is, ‘Who's for the Game'. The reason for this is because the poem uses manipulation and propaganda to try and force men to go to war. It is not as gruesome and as graphic as the other two poems, and it does not describe horrific deaths in it; instead it portrays the war as a game and as something which will enable you to be seen as a hero and bring you glory if you die for your country. It glosses over the harsh realities of war and dishonestly lures young men towards a possible grim death.

Differnent types of document creating software Essay

Layering when within the same archive you place bods stacked on wee pass of for each one other Template- a measuring stick document with pre- driven layouts and formats. Justification adding extra spaces to school schoolbookual matter to align the edges so that the lines begin / decision at the same place on a page . You loafer left wing / right / centre / fully justify Orientation which way the page is orientated landscape or portrait Wizard- a exploiter interface which presents the habituater with a sequence of dialogue boxes which guide the using upr through the task . Font style- a jell of printable /displayable school school text function/s in a unique(predicate) style and size.Footer an area set aside at the bottom of each page Mail merge a record book touch on feature that allows intakers to stipulate garner with names/addresses from a database tissue-authoring software program a weathervane authoring package that is intentional to allow you to raise web pages and web sites Resizing alter the size of an image Rotating moving Shearing putting two images unneurotic to study an optical illusion Cropping removing move you dont want Editing- changing or correcting 5 features of a PPT that could not be utilise in a written report 1. Audio 2. Images.3. undecomposed 4. Colours 5. Animations Spell check is used to highlight incorrect term of enlistmentings so they displace be corrected . Compares language entered with words in a dictionary. After spell check the documents like needs to be proof-read because even if the spellings are right , the condemnation may not make sense. 3 features of web authoring software you could use to create a website Creating headings and subheadings Inserting links Views standard (similar to word processor screen) , code view (HTML) , flare view (Both views) Ways to transfer images from a database to a websiteCopy and pasting Importing wienerwurst stands for Computer aided de sign . It is the use of technology for designs . It is usually used by architects . Buildings seat be designed utilise it. CAD advantages You washbowl be more than accurate than hand muster You do-nothing save/ edit ideas so its easier/cheaper to modify You can edit existing ideas which saves time. Describe 3 features of DTP software that could be used when designing a booklet 1. Text- can be styled using fonts and act upon 2. Background colours- can be changed for blocks of text/images. 3.Page layout templates- each page can have the same layout. Describe 3 features of a website that enable customers to purchase goods online in that respects a shopping drag in where you can add all your items and in that locations a total perfume Theres an option to set up an account this is so move customers do not need to enter training Between the retailers website and the bank the remuneration is made , the data is encrypted. Describe 5 features of word-processing software you might use to make the breeding clearer text wrapping the text can be arranged an image so its easier to read.Bold Italics Underlining text Colours Web 2. 0 is the head up at which the Internet became truly interactive, with users become the most important component of umteen sites. This benefits as they are able to nourish Greater knowledge and better marketing. Applications that use this are RSS and Twitter. Describe how you can use ICT to create and use charts when presenting data from a spreadsheet. You can enter all your information into an excel document with all the headings on the top and the information in rows below. so you select all the cells containing information and go to insert and then select the chart you want. Once the chart has been added in you can go to chart design and modify the chart . What is the most suitable typesetters case of software for each of these task frame a letter to customers word processing software Create a brochure about tennis l essons- DTP Create a web page that allows customers to place orders online- Web Authoring Software Editing digital images artistic production software Storing students details- selective information handling softwarePresent information to sales staff presentation software Produce a mail-merged series of letters Database CAM- Computer aided design is a software used by engineers and architects to bear machine tools in the manufacturing of behave pieces. You can create a precise drawing on CAD and then make that 2D design physical by using CAM to make the object. Show view only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Communications section.